Mining, Quarrying, and Oil & Gas Extraction — profit margin & cost structure (U.S.)

For the U.S. mining, quarrying, and oil & gas extraction industry, IRS tax data shows an estimated 15.0% net margin on an owner-operator basis (national, sole proprietorships, tax year 2023). That figure — what a self-employed owner keeps per sales dollar before paying themselves — is the number this page exists to report; read the note below on how it's measured.

15.0%net margin · owner-operator basis

National as of tax year 2023 Moderate confidence source ↗

Owner-operator basis (IRS SOI sole proprietorships, TY2023): net income less deficit ÷ business receipts, at NAICS 21 (Mining, Quarrying, and Oil & Gas Extraction). Sole-proprietor labor is not expensed, so this overstates corporate-style profit.

Cost structure

National, from IRS Statistics of Income (weighted sample). Where a component is not separately reported, it is shown as insufficient data — never estimated.

Component	Value
Cost of goods sold (% of receipts)	26.0%	National source ↗
Labor / officer compensation (% of receipts)	6.1%	National source ↗

Business size distribution (national)

Share of U.S. mining, quarrying, and oil & gas extraction establishments by number of employees (Census County Business Patterns, 2023). 49% have fewer than 5 employees.

1–4 emp11,429 (49%)

5–9 emp3,614 (15%)

10–19 emp3,326 (14%)

20–49 emp2,885 (12%)

50–99 emp1,144 (5%)

100+ emp962 (4%)

Where this industry operates — all 50 states

Establishment counts, employment, and wages are available for free elsewhere too (e.g. Data USA). States ordered by number of establishments — pick one for local context:

Full cost-structure breakdown by business-size class and side-by-side industry comparison are available to subscribers. This page shows the current-year national headline plus the multi-year establishment trend.

Frequently asked

What is the average profit margin for mining, quarrying, and oil & gas extraction businesses?

About 15.0% net margin on an owner-operator basis (national, IRS SOI sole proprietorships, tax year 2023). This counts the owner's own labor as profit, so it overstates corporate-style margin — see the note above.

How many mining, quarrying, and oil & gas extraction businesses are there in the U.S.?

23,360 establishments with paid employees (Census County Business Patterns, 2023).

What is the average wage in the mining, quarrying, and oil & gas extraction industry?

$2,498 per week (BLS QCEW 2024, private sector) — about $129,896/year.

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machine-readable JSON · NAICS 21

Related industries

Mining (except Oil & Gas)Oil & Gas Extraction Support Activities for Mining